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Energy efficiency (transformer-load short-circuit tester) energy
(A) rigorously enforce the energy conservation is essential for building a moderately prosperous society.
Energy is the driving force of China's rise. China is in the process of industrialization, economic and social development of the energy dependence is much greater than in developed countries. In 2001, the end-user spending in the energy cost of 1.25 trillion yuan, accounting for 13% of GDP, while the U.S. accounted for only 7%.
First of all the 90s from the 20th century, China's economic development into the heavy chemical industry phase, the proportion of total industrial output value of heavy industry, from 50.6% in 1990 to 64.3% in 2003. Heavy energy consumption per unit output value is about 4 light times. The project of future energy demand scenario analysis shows that by 2020, energy-intensive industries the proportion of total industrial output value will remain at 2000 levels. Second, the accelerated pace of urbanization will increase in energy demand per capita, because per capita energy consumption for rural towns 3.5 times (including firewood and straw). Again, the consumption structure of energy demand driven, in particular the rapid increase of private cars of the future oil demand is much higher than previously expected. Therefore, the substantial growth in future energy demand is inevitable. Projections indicate that if current trends continue, by 2020, _ times 3.5 billion tons of standard coal energy demand will reach (including hydropower, nuclear power and new energy power generation coal consumption by thermal power calculated by a calculation of thermal energy equivalent of 3.3 billion tons of standard coal). One coal demand up to 29 million tons, 610 million tons of oil. Such a huge demand in the coal supply, oil security and the environment will bring a very serious problem. (1) coal demand will exceed the limits of the domestic supply capacity (27 million tons); (2) oil import dependency will reach 70%, so that energy security is facing a huge risk; (3) the use of fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions may be 21 In the early 20th century than the United States ranks first in the world. If the enhanced energy, primary energy demand in 2020 could be reduced to 2.6 billion tons of standard coal, which reduced to 2.1 billion tons of coal, oil and reduced to 480 million tons. Thus, these issues will be greatly eased, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of economic and social development goals.
2000-2020, to strengthen energy conservation to reduce energy demand 900 million tons of standard coal, which accounted for 65% of the industrial sector, accounting for 20% of civil and commercial, transportation accounted for 15%. This will ensure economic growth, reduce dependence on imported oil, improve environmental quality, energy-intensive products enhance the international competitiveness will play an important role. Savings and less energy with 9 million tons of coal, worth 851 billion yuan, equivalent to 16.3 million tons of sulfur dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide 540 million tons of carbon; energy can create many job opportunities, the unit energy investment to create jobs than oil and gas exploration at least more than 1 times and power generation; energy contribute to the formation of high-quality living environment of people living well and frugal social ethics.
(B) China has become the world's second largest energy consumer, energy consumption per capita is far below the world average.
In 2002, China's primary energy production was 1.387 billion tons of standard coal. One output of 1.38 billion tons of coal, 167 million tons of crude oil, respectively, the world's No. 1 and No. 5; power generation capacity of 1.654 trillion kwh, ranking the world's No. 2.
In 2002, a commercial energy consumption was 14.8 million tons of coal, the world No. 2. Of which coal accounted for 66.1%, 23.4% of oil, natural gas 2.7%, hydropower 7.1%, nuclear power accounted for 0.7%. In addition, the national consumption of straw and firewood in rural areas reached 280 million tons of standard coal.
In 2000, China's per capita energy consumption of a commodity of 1050 kilograms of standard coal, equivalent to 9% in the United States, National Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development average of 16%, 50% of the world average, the national urban and rural residents per capita electricity consumption 132 kwh, only 3.1% of the United States.
(C) saving results.
1. Protection of rapid economic growth. 1980-2000, China's average annual GDP growth of 9.7%, while the average growth of primary energy is only 4.6%.
2. Energy consumption per unit output value dropped significantly. 1980-2000, energy consumption per unit of output fell 64%, average annual energy saving rate of 4.6% in OECD countries over the same period the average energy consumption per unit output value decreased by 20%, the world fell by an average 19%.
3. Energy has made great economic benefits. 1981-2000, saving a total of 1.145 billion tons of standard coal energy value of 1.0825 trillion yuan (1997 energy prices). New Year according to the average energy and new energy supply of the integrated investment terms, saving 327 billion yuan investment in energy supply systems.
4. On to make a significant contribution to protecting the environment. 1981-2000 cumulative energy savings, equivalent to 20.8 million tons of sulfur dioxide emissions of carbon dioxide emissions 722 million tons of carbon.
5. With the international advanced level significantly reduced. In 2000, China's energy consumption per unit of output than non-OECD countries about 60% higher on average, 1.4 times year 1990. Unit energy consumption and the international advanced level is also significantly reduced. For example, the comparable energy consumption per ton than the international advanced level in 1990, 58.5% higher in 2000 decreased to 20.9%. 2000 national energy processing, conversion, storage and end-use efficiency was 33.4%, than in 1989 increased by 5.4 percentage points lower than the international advanced level of about 10 percentage points.
(D) there are many barriers to energy conservation.
1. Energy saving ideas. In developed countries, energy-saving concept from the early 20th century, 70 to meet the energy crisis and the implementation of conservation and reduction, evolved into in order to improve efficiency, reduce pollution and improve quality of life and improved public relations goal. In China, to fill a vacancy, the concept remains reduced, which is to ease the energy supply to energy-saving awareness of the work to relax on the roots.
2. Government Energy Management. Significantly reduced energy management agencies, a huge loss of energy management, energy management led to landslides. United States, Japan and other countries are vigorously strengthen the government energy management agencies, the U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Authority has 530 people in 2002 reached 1.3 billion annual budget.
3. Policies and regulations. "Energy Conservation Law" weak implementation of laws and regulations supporting the development of slow progress. Energy, economy and environment coordinated and comprehensive planning and decision-making system has yet to be established. Weak energy policy and legislation.
4. Economic incentives. After the 1994 tax reform, the original energy-saving projects and products for tax relief, preferential loans and other incentive policies and measures to greatly weaken or even abolish, the energy is very unfavorable.
5. Technological progress. Too little investment in energy technology research and development, not included in the